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Difference between revisions of "DHCP Pool configuration"

 
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DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
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=== DHCP > DHCP Pool ===
  
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== 범위 생성 ==
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==== DHCP Pool ====
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[[File:dhcp4_new.png|300px|thumb|새로운 DHCP4 범위 생성]]
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A DHCP Pool is the set of IP address pools that will be assigned to the DHCP clients. You can add several address pools in a DHCP pool and each DHCP pool means the VLAN(Virtual local area networks).
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[[File:dhcp6_new.png|300px|thumb|새로운 DHCP6 범위 생성]]
 
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DHCP 범위는 VLAN 단위의 IP 주소 집합이며 클라이언트가 속한 VLAN에 따라 IP 주소를 할당하기위해 생성됩니다.<br>
 
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DHCP 클라이언트가 주소를 요청 할 경우 설정에따라 첫 IP 주소부터 순차적으로 할당 하거나 무작위로 주소를 할당 할 수 있습니다.<br>
 
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이와 관련된 설정은 '''DHCP > 설정 > DHCP 일반 > 무작위 할당'''에서 변경 할 수 있습니다.<br>
 
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DHCPv6의 경우는 rfc 7721의 언급과 같이<ref>https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7721#section-4.7</ref> 보안을 강화하는 목적으로 무작위 주소 할당을 사용할 것을 권장합니다.
 
  
 +
If a DHCP server receives a DHCP request, the server assigns an IP address based on the subnet from which the message was received.
 +
If the client is on the same subnet as the server, the server selects an IP address from the DHCP pool that has the same subnet IP pool as the server's IP address and assigns it to the client.
 +
If the client is not on the same subnet as the server, the server selects an IP address from the DHCP pool that has the same subnet IP pool as the relay agent's IP address and assigns it to the client.
  
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<br><br><br><br>
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If a VLAN has multiple IP subnets, the IP address of the relay agent may the primary VLAN address.
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==== 새로운 범위 생성 ====
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Therefore, a DHCP pool must contain the IP pool for the primary subnet.
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'''DHCP > DHCP 범위'''를 클릭 후 우측 상단 "'''새로운 DHCP 범위 생성'''" 버튼을 클릭 후 생성 할 수 있습니다. 범위는 DHCPv4 또는 DHCPv6중 하나로 생성 할 수 있으며 각 속성에 대한 설명은 다음과 같습니다.
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 +
The imRAD DHCP server can assign IP addresses randomly or sequentially and you can configure it at the [[DHCP Settings - General | DHCP > Settings > General]].<br>The rfc 7721 recommends the random assignment. Thus, these addresses can be considered to be "stable, semantically opaque".<ref>https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7721#section-4.7</ref>
 +
 
 +
===== New DHCP Pool =====
 +
You can create a new DHCP pool and an IP address pool by click the "Create New DHCP pool" button at the right top of the DHCP pool list.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! style='width:200px' | Items !! DHCP Version !! Required !! Description
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="2" | DHCP Version || Yes || Choose the DHCP version.
 +
|-
 +
| Name || 4/6 || Yes || It is the pool name to distinguish from others.
 +
|-
 +
| Lease Time || 4 || Yes || It is the [[DHCPv4 Lease Time]].
 +
|-
 +
| Preferred Time || 6 || Yes || It is the [[DHCPv6 lifetime | Preferred Lifetime ]].
 +
|-
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| Valid Time || 6 || Yes || It is the [[DHCPv6 lifetime | Valid Lifetime ]].
 +
|-
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| rowspan="2" | Preferences || 4/6 || No || '''Auto Reservation''': If you enable it, an IP address that was assigned to a host is automatically reserved for the host.
 +
|-
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| 6 || No || '''Stateful DHCPv6 service''': You must enable the Stateful DHCPv6 service to assign IP addresses to clients. Please refer to the [[Stateful vs stateless DHCPv6]] for more.
 +
|-
 +
| Status || 4/6 || Yes || "Disable" means that the pool is created but not service from it.
 +
|-
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| Identity Association || 6 || Yes || Choose one of them.
 +
|-
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| Default Gateway / Subnet || 4 || Yes || Input the IPv4 gateway address and the bit number of subnet between 1 and 30.
 +
|-
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| Prefix || 6 || Yes || Input the prefix of the IPv6 address.
 +
|-
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| Start IP || 4/6 || Yes || Input the first IP address to be assigned.
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|-
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| Range Count || 4/6 || Yes || Input the total number of IP addresses in the pool.
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|-
 +
|}
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 +
===== Additional IP Address Pool =====
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If a VLAN is configured with several secondary VLANs, you must add them all into a DHCP pool.
 +
If you click the last icon([[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]]) on a DHCP pool, it shows a dropdown menu.
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And then, select the "Add IP Address pool" menu to add more IP address pools in a DHCP pool.
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If a DHCP pool has an IPv4 address pool, you can not add an IPv6 address pool but only an IPv4 address pool and vice versa.
 +
 
 +
===== IP Address Pool List =====
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You can view all the DHCP pools and their summary information, and if you click the name of a DHCP pool, It shows and hides all IP address pools in the DHCP pool.
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The following table shows the description of several items on the list.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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| bgcolor="fafafa" | 항목 || bgcolor="fafafa" | 버전 ||  bgcolor="fafafa" | 설명
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! colspan="2" style='width:150px' | Item !! Description
 
|-
 
|-
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| colspan="2" | DHCP 버전 || 서비스할 DHCP 버전을 의미합니다.
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| colspan="2" | Lease Time || It indicates the lease time of a DHCPv4 pool or the preferred time and valid time of a DHCPv6 pool.
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If the preferred time is the same as the valid time, It only shows the preferred time.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 이름 || 4/6 || 식별 할 수 있는 DHCP 범위 이름을 입력하세요
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| colspan="2" | Preferences || If the Auto Reservation or the Stateful DHCPv6 is set, display each.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 임대시간 || 4 || IPv4 주소 임대시간(Lease time)을 의미합니다. 자세한 사항은 [[임대 시간]]을 참고하세요.
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| rowspan="5" | Range Count || IP Address Pool || It is the total number of IP Address Pools in a DHCP pool.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 기본시간 || 6 || IPv6 주소 기본시간(Preferred lifetime)을 의미합니다. 자세한 사항은 [[DHCPV6 기본시간 및 유효시간]]을 참고하세요.
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| Available || It indicates that the total number of available IP addresses in a DHCP pool.  
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The total number of IP addresses minus the [[DHCP Terminology(Allocation, lease, availability, and so on) | "Allocated"]] equals the "Available".
 
|-
 
|-
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| 유효시간 || 6 || IPv6 주소 유효시간(Valid lifetime)을 의미합니다. 자세한 사항은 [[DHCPV6 기본시간 및 유효시간]]을 참고하세요.
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| Allocated || It is the total number of  [[DHCP Terminology(Allocation, lease, availability, and so on) | allocated ]] IP addresses.
 
|-
 
|-
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| rowspan="2" | 옵션 || 4/6 || 자동 예약: 클라이언트에 할당 한 IP 주소가 자동 예약되어 특정 주소는 항상 특정 클라이언트에 할당 하게 합니다.<br>
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| Reservation || It is the total number of reserved IP addresses.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 6 || stateful DHCPv6 service: DHCPv6에만 해당하며 자세한 사항은 [[Stateful vs stateless DHCPv6]]을 참고하세요.
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| Exclusion || It is the total number of excluded IP addresses.
 
|-
 
|-
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| Failover || 4/6 || 설정된 [[DHCP Failover 그룹|Failover 그룹]]을 선택합니다. 아직 설정된 그룹이 없으면 생략 후 나중에 다시 수정 할 수 있습니다.
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|}
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If you click the first icon of [[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]] on a DHCP pool, it shows the assignment of IP addresses in a DHCP pool in real-time.<br>
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If you want to change the values(i.e. Name, the Lease time, Preferences, Failover) of a DHCP pool, click the second icon of [[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]].<br>
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If you want to change the Status, Default Gateway, Start IP, or Range count of an IP Address Pool, click the icon(i.e. [[File:edit2-icon.png|20px]]) on the right of each IP Address Pool.
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===== IP Address List =====
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It shows all IP addresses that are in use or were in use by click the name or the [[File:edit-icon.png|20px|IP Address List]] icon on an IP Address Pool.
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For more information about the IP Address list, Please refer to the [[IP Address list]] section.
 +
 
 +
 
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==== DHCP Reservation ====
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The DHCP Reservation enables hosts can be assigned the same IP address every time in the same subnet.
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in a DHCPv4, the reservation consists of an IPv4 address and the [[MAC Address]] of a host. in a DHCPv6, the reservation should contain an IPv6 address, [[DUID and IAID | DUID]], and [[DUID and IAID | IAID]] of a host.
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===== Auto Reservation =====
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As mentioned in the preference of the "New DHCP Pool" table, if you enable the "Auto Reservation" of a DHCP Pool, an IP address of the DHCP Pool is reserved automatically after assigning it to a host. If IP addresses that were automatically reserved are not using more than a specific day, the addresses will be deleting. The specific day is "[[DHCP Settings - General | Dormant DHCP Reservation]]"
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{{note|"Auto Reservation" is configured in each DHCP pool.}}
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===== UserName Reservation =====
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The UserName Reservation enables a host to be assigned an IP address based on the User-Name of the RADIUS attribute.
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A host is assigned a reserved IP address for the User-Name that was authenticated and authorized through the imRAD RADIUS.
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If a [[NAS]] does not send the [[RADIUS Log | Accounting]], It can't accomplish the User-Name Reservation.
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If you want to reserve an IP address, click the last icon([[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]]) on a DHCP pool. And then, select the "Add DHCP Reservation" on the dropdown menu. If a DHCP pool is for the IPv4, you can only reserve an IPv4 address.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
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! style='width:150px' | Item !! Version !! Required !! Description
 +
|-
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| DHCP Pool || 4/6 || Yes || It is the DHCP Pool that will contain the IP address to be reserved.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 상태 || 4/6 || 사용을 선택하면 생성된 IP 주소 범위에 대해 주소 할당이 이뤄집니다. 사용안함을 선택하면 IP 주소 할당이 중지됩니다.
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| IP Address || 4/6 || Yes || It is the IP address to be reserved.
 
|-
 
|-
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| IAID || 6 || IA_NA 방식이 기본 주소 할당 방식이므로 IA_NA를 선택하세요. 임시 주소 방식을 사용할 경우에는 IA_TA를 사용하세요.  
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| User-Name Reserv. || 4/6 || No || To reserve an IP address based on the RADIUS User-Name, turn on this.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 게이트웨이 IP/서븐넷 || 4 || 할당할 IPv4 주소의 기본 게이트웨이만 서브넷을 지정하세요. 서브넷은 비트(1~30)를 입력하면됩니다.
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| [[MAC Address]]  || 4 || Yes, No || It shows this field only when you reserve an IPv4 Address. You must input the [[MAC Address]] of a host that will be assigned the IPv4 Address.
 +
If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you don't need to input this.
 
|-
 
|-
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| Prefix || 6 || 할당할 IPv6 주소의 Prefix 길이를 지정하세요.
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| DUID, IAID  || 6 || Yes, No || It shows this field only when you reserve an IPv6 Address. You must input the [[DUID and IAID | DUID]] and [[DUID and IAID | IAID]] of a host that will be assigned the IPv6 Address.
 +
If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you don't need to input this.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 시작 IP || 4/6 || 할당할 IP 주소 중 맨 처음 IP 주소를 입력하세요.
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| RADIUS Username || 4/6 || Yes, No || If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you must input the User-Name to be authenticated through the imRAD RADIUS.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 개수 || 4/6 || 할당할 IP 주소부터 몇개의 주소를 범위로 지정 할 것이지를 의미합니다.<br> 만일 시작 주소가 192.168.0.10이며 개수가 10이라면 주소 범위는 192.168.0.10 ~ 192.168.0.19로 정의됩니다.
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| Description || 4/6 || No || It is the description of the reservation.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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If an IP address is automatically reserved by the "Auto Reservation" preference in a DHCP pool, the description of a reservation is written as "AUTO Reservation".
  
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==== 추가 범위 등록 ====
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If you click the "Reservation" tab after expanding the DHCP pool that includes the reserved IP addresses, It shows all the reserved. You can edit or delete a reserved IP address at the list.
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이 기능은 이미 생성된 범위에 Secondary vlan을 추가할 경우 사용됩니다.<br>
 
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아래 그림과 같이 이미 생성된 범위에서 아이콘을 클릭한(1) 후 "DHCP 범위 추가 생성"을 클릭하세요.<br>
 
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[[File:dhcp_add.png|700px|DHCP 추가 범위 생성]]
 
  
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<br>
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==== DHCP Exclusion ====
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[[File:dhcpv4_add.png|300px|thumb|DHCPv4 추가 범위 생성]]
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The DHCP Exclusion defines the range of IP address that should not be assigned.  
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추가로 DHCP 범위를 생성하는 인터페이스는 "새로운 범위 생성"과 유사하나 하나의 범위에 DHCPv4와 DHCPv6를 혼합해서 생성 할 수 없으므로 이미 생성된 범위가 DHCPv4라면 추가될 범위도 DHCPv4 구성으로 표시됩니다.<br><br>
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Some network devices need to use statically assigned IP addresses. If such IP addresses are in a DHCP pool, you must exclude them from the pool.
  
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<br><br>
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If you want to add an exclusion range, click the last icon([[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]]) on a DHCP pool. And then, select the "Add DHCP Exclusion" on the dropdown menu. The exclusion range should be inside of the IP Address pools.
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==== 범위 속성 및 주소 변경 ====
 
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생성된 모든 범위를 확인하려면 아래 그림과 같이 범위 이름을 클릭하면 모든 범위가 표시됩니다.<br>
 
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[[File:dhcp4_pool.png|700px|DHCP 범위]]<br>
 
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범위 목록에 용어에 대한 의미는 다음과 같습니다.<br>
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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| bgcolor="fafafa" | 항목 || bgcolor="fafafa" | 설명
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! style='width:150px' | Item !! Required !! Description
 +
|-
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| DHCP Pool || Yes || It is the DHCP Pool that will contain the exclusion range.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 임대시간 || DHCPv4의 임대시간 혹은 DHCPv6의 기본시간 및 유효시간을 나타냅니다. <br> DHCPv6인 경우 2개의 시간이 모두 표시됩니다.
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| Start IP || Yes || It is the first IP address to be excluded.
 
|-
 
|-
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| 옴션 || 자동 예약이나 DHCPv6의 stateful 방식이 선택되면 표시됩니다. 반대로 선택되지 않으면 표시되지 않습니다.
+
| Last IP || Yes || Input the number of IP address to be excluded from the start IP address.
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| Description || No || It is the description of the exclusion.
 
|}
 
|}
  
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이미 생성된 범위의 속성(이름, 임대시간, 옵션, Failover)을 변경하려면
 
  
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==== 임대 예약 등록 ====
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==== DHCP Server Options ====
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임대 예약이란 특정 호스트에게 항상 동일한 IP 주소를 임대하고 다른 호스트에는 그 주소를 임대하지 않게하기위해
+
You can specify DHCP Server options globally or exclusively for a specific DHCP pool.
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관리자가 호스트에 IP 주소를 사전에 할당하는것을 의미합니다.
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If you select the "Add DHCP Server Option" after click the last icon([[File:dhcp_menu_icon.PNG|70px|icon]]) on a DHCP pool, you can add a DHCP server option.
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===== DHCPv4 =====
+
 
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===== DHCPv6 =====
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The [[DHCP Server option configuration]] section explains the details of the DHCP Server Options.
  
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==== 현황 모니터링 ====
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=== References ===
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* IP 실시간 임대 현황
 
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* IP 주소 임대 현황
 

Latest revision as of 11:15, 9 August 2023

DHCP > DHCP Pool

DHCP Pool

A DHCP Pool is the set of IP address pools that will be assigned to the DHCP clients. You can add several address pools in a DHCP pool and each DHCP pool means the VLAN(Virtual local area networks).

If a DHCP server receives a DHCP request, the server assigns an IP address based on the subnet from which the message was received. If the client is on the same subnet as the server, the server selects an IP address from the DHCP pool that has the same subnet IP pool as the server's IP address and assigns it to the client. If the client is not on the same subnet as the server, the server selects an IP address from the DHCP pool that has the same subnet IP pool as the relay agent's IP address and assigns it to the client.

If a VLAN has multiple IP subnets, the IP address of the relay agent may the primary VLAN address. Therefore, a DHCP pool must contain the IP pool for the primary subnet.

The imRAD DHCP server can assign IP addresses randomly or sequentially and you can configure it at the DHCP > Settings > General.
The rfc 7721 recommends the random assignment. Thus, these addresses can be considered to be "stable, semantically opaque".[1]

New DHCP Pool

You can create a new DHCP pool and an IP address pool by click the "Create New DHCP pool" button at the right top of the DHCP pool list.

Items DHCP Version Required Description
DHCP Version Yes Choose the DHCP version.
Name 4/6 Yes It is the pool name to distinguish from others.
Lease Time 4 Yes It is the DHCPv4 Lease Time.
Preferred Time 6 Yes It is the Preferred Lifetime .
Valid Time 6 Yes It is the Valid Lifetime .
Preferences 4/6 No Auto Reservation: If you enable it, an IP address that was assigned to a host is automatically reserved for the host.
6 No Stateful DHCPv6 service: You must enable the Stateful DHCPv6 service to assign IP addresses to clients. Please refer to the Stateful vs stateless DHCPv6 for more.
Status 4/6 Yes "Disable" means that the pool is created but not service from it.
Identity Association 6 Yes Choose one of them.
Default Gateway / Subnet 4 Yes Input the IPv4 gateway address and the bit number of subnet between 1 and 30.
Prefix 6 Yes Input the prefix of the IPv6 address.
Start IP 4/6 Yes Input the first IP address to be assigned.
Range Count 4/6 Yes Input the total number of IP addresses in the pool.
Additional IP Address Pool

If a VLAN is configured with several secondary VLANs, you must add them all into a DHCP pool. If you click the last icon(icon) on a DHCP pool, it shows a dropdown menu. And then, select the "Add IP Address pool" menu to add more IP address pools in a DHCP pool. If a DHCP pool has an IPv4 address pool, you can not add an IPv6 address pool but only an IPv4 address pool and vice versa.

IP Address Pool List

You can view all the DHCP pools and their summary information, and if you click the name of a DHCP pool, It shows and hides all IP address pools in the DHCP pool. The following table shows the description of several items on the list.

Item Description
Lease Time It indicates the lease time of a DHCPv4 pool or the preferred time and valid time of a DHCPv6 pool.

If the preferred time is the same as the valid time, It only shows the preferred time.

Preferences If the Auto Reservation or the Stateful DHCPv6 is set, display each.
Range Count IP Address Pool It is the total number of IP Address Pools in a DHCP pool.
Available It indicates that the total number of available IP addresses in a DHCP pool.

The total number of IP addresses minus the "Allocated" equals the "Available".

Allocated It is the total number of allocated IP addresses.
Reservation It is the total number of reserved IP addresses.
Exclusion It is the total number of excluded IP addresses.

If you click the first icon of icon on a DHCP pool, it shows the assignment of IP addresses in a DHCP pool in real-time.
If you want to change the values(i.e. Name, the Lease time, Preferences, Failover) of a DHCP pool, click the second icon of icon.
If you want to change the Status, Default Gateway, Start IP, or Range count of an IP Address Pool, click the icon(i.e. Edit2-icon.png) on the right of each IP Address Pool.

IP Address List

It shows all IP addresses that are in use or were in use by click the name or the IP Address List icon on an IP Address Pool. For more information about the IP Address list, Please refer to the IP Address list section.


DHCP Reservation

The DHCP Reservation enables hosts can be assigned the same IP address every time in the same subnet. in a DHCPv4, the reservation consists of an IPv4 address and the MAC Address of a host. in a DHCPv6, the reservation should contain an IPv6 address, DUID, and IAID of a host.

Auto Reservation

As mentioned in the preference of the "New DHCP Pool" table, if you enable the "Auto Reservation" of a DHCP Pool, an IP address of the DHCP Pool is reserved automatically after assigning it to a host. If IP addresses that were automatically reserved are not using more than a specific day, the addresses will be deleting. The specific day is " Dormant DHCP Reservation"

"Auto Reservation" is configured in each DHCP pool.

UserName Reservation

The UserName Reservation enables a host to be assigned an IP address based on the User-Name of the RADIUS attribute. A host is assigned a reserved IP address for the User-Name that was authenticated and authorized through the imRAD RADIUS. If a NAS does not send the Accounting, It can't accomplish the User-Name Reservation.

If you want to reserve an IP address, click the last icon(icon) on a DHCP pool. And then, select the "Add DHCP Reservation" on the dropdown menu. If a DHCP pool is for the IPv4, you can only reserve an IPv4 address.

Item Version Required Description
DHCP Pool 4/6 Yes It is the DHCP Pool that will contain the IP address to be reserved.
IP Address 4/6 Yes It is the IP address to be reserved.
User-Name Reserv. 4/6 No To reserve an IP address based on the RADIUS User-Name, turn on this.
MAC Address 4 Yes, No It shows this field only when you reserve an IPv4 Address. You must input the MAC Address of a host that will be assigned the IPv4 Address.

If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you don't need to input this.

DUID, IAID 6 Yes, No It shows this field only when you reserve an IPv6 Address. You must input the DUID and IAID of a host that will be assigned the IPv6 Address.

If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you don't need to input this.

RADIUS Username 4/6 Yes, No If you turn on the User-Name Reserv, you must input the User-Name to be authenticated through the imRAD RADIUS.
Description 4/6 No It is the description of the reservation.

If an IP address is automatically reserved by the "Auto Reservation" preference in a DHCP pool, the description of a reservation is written as "AUTO Reservation".

If you click the "Reservation" tab after expanding the DHCP pool that includes the reserved IP addresses, It shows all the reserved. You can edit or delete a reserved IP address at the list.

DHCP Exclusion

The DHCP Exclusion defines the range of IP address that should not be assigned. Some network devices need to use statically assigned IP addresses. If such IP addresses are in a DHCP pool, you must exclude them from the pool.

If you want to add an exclusion range, click the last icon(icon) on a DHCP pool. And then, select the "Add DHCP Exclusion" on the dropdown menu. The exclusion range should be inside of the IP Address pools.

Item Required Description
DHCP Pool Yes It is the DHCP Pool that will contain the exclusion range.
Start IP Yes It is the first IP address to be excluded.
Last IP Yes Input the number of IP address to be excluded from the start IP address.
Description No It is the description of the exclusion.


DHCP Server Options

You can specify DHCP Server options globally or exclusively for a specific DHCP pool. If you select the "Add DHCP Server Option" after click the last icon(icon) on a DHCP pool, you can add a DHCP server option.

The DHCP Server option configuration section explains the details of the DHCP Server Options.

References

  1. ↑ https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7721#section-4.7